Documentation

Notebooks

DORIS days 2025

The Github repository DORISdays2025 is meant to hold source code for the "hands-on" sessions that took place during the DORIS DAYS 2025 organized by the International DORIS Service in National Technical University of,Athens (NTUA, Greece) on November 5, 2025.

Abstract: These notebooks were developed to present trivial DORIS data analysis tasks. The objectives are: 1) learn Doppler observables principles, system biases, RINEX data exploration, and ionosphere considerations; perform localization exercises with Argos simulation; 2) understand atmospheric influence on DORIS signals and apply corrections to improve data accuracy; 3) understand the mathematical formulation of DORIS observation equations, parameter estimation, and interpretation of residuals; 4) apply knowledge to compute positioning solutions, assess accuracy, and consolidate practical and theoretical skills

Access: https://github.com/idsdorisorg/DORISdays2025/tree/main

License: The Jupyter Notebooks are offered under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-NC

DOI: 10.24400/312072/i06-2025.001

If you use the Notebooks, please cite as:
Papanikolaou X., Anastasiou D. (2025). Python scripts showcasing trivial DORIS data analysis tasks. DORIS days 2025. International DORIS Service. DOI: 10.24400/312072/i06-2025.001

Installation guide: readme.md

Doppler Observables and System Biases: doris_system.ipynb

objectives:

Get a clear view about how the DORIS system works.
Explore DORIS data and information contained in the RINEX files.
Familiarize with DORIS measurements concept; beacons/emitters, satellites/receivers, passes.
Extract observations from a DORIS RINEX file.

Atmospheric Effects: atmosphere.ipynb

objectives

Overview of (DORIS) signal delay during its transition through the atmosphere
Modeling of tropospheric refraction, and
Using VMF3 to model/mitigate tropospheric delay

Observation Equation: observation_equation.ipynb

objectives

Treatment and mitigation of (common) errors and biases that affect DORIS observations
Formulation of a (simplified) observation equation

Positioning: doppler_positioning.ipynb

objectives

Use the Doppler observation equation to estimate beacon coordinates
Learn to formulate Least Squares matrices and observation weighting

Details: Last Updated: 17 November 2025

Presentations of the DORIS system and IDS products at summer schools

July 2025 1st GGOS IberAtlantic Summer School

Introduction to the Space-Geodetic Technique DORIS [PDF slides]

June 2025 Sirgas Virtual School “Terrestrial Reference Frame. Geodynamic and Atmospheric Monitoring 2025”

DORIS: Features, advantages, contributions in ICRF, ITRF and terrestrial orientation parameter estimation. [YouTube video; spanish version, english version]

Details: Last Updated: 14 November 2025

DORIS days

DORIS days 2025 | DORIS days 2021

DORIS Days is the name given to introductory courses on the DORIS technique and IDS activities organized by the IDS.

The IDS aims to deliver this training regularly, adapting it to the target audience.
The first edition, initially planned for 2020 at the University of Vienna, Austria, alongside the EGU but postponed due to the Covid health crisis, was held online in November 2021.

The second edition was held online and at School of Rural Surveying & Geoinformatics Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Greece.

The DORIS days editions are referenced with the DOI: 10.24400/312072/i05-2025.001

Cite the presentation as: Last name, First initial. (Year, Month Day). Course title. Event name. DOI: 10.24400/312072/i05-2025.001

Examples:

Le Bail, K. (2025, Nov. 3&5). DORIS System Overview. DORIS days 2025. DOI: 10.24400/312072/i05-2025.001

Couhert, A. (2021, Nov. 16-18). Application of DORIS for the geocenter. DORIS days 2021. DOI: 10.24400/312072/i05-2025.001

DORIS days 2025

2nd edition of the “DORIS Days" designed to offer both a foundational and hands-on experience with DORIS and the IDS community, tailored especially to early-career researchers and students.

Day 1 – Monday, 3 November (second half of UTC day, online only)

Introductory and advanced presentations on the DORIS system, IDS, precision applications, and associated tools and products.

L. Soudarin: "Welcome and Introduction" (pdf)
Introduce the two-day program
L. Soudarin: "DORIS Context" (pdf)
Provide context on DORIS and its role in space geodesy
K. Le Bail: "DORIS System Overview" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
Understand the DORIS signal, space and ground segments, and real-time orbit determination; gain insight into Genesis mission and upcoming developments
P. Stepanek: "DORIS Data Processing and Products" (pdf), live recording (mp4) + "Introduction to IDS tools" (prerecorded mp4)
Learn the DORIS processing chain, analysis software, standard products, and their performance
J.-M. Lemoine: "Science Applications" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
Explore scientific applications including plate tectonics, gravity-field modeling, and ionospheric monitoring
G. Moreaux: "The International DORIS Service (IDS)" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
Understand IDS structure, mission, data management, network coordination, and contribution to international reference frames
C. Manfredi: "Joining the DORIS/IDS Community" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
Discover ways to engage with the DORIS/IDS community and contribute to research and operations
L. Soudarin: "Conclusion" (pdf)
Summary of day; prepare participants for hands-on training on Day 2

Day 2 – Wednesday, 5 November (full day, hybrid)

Introduction to handling and processing DORIS data, with theoretical lectures and guided practical sessions using Jupyter Notebook, freely available at IDS github. For installation, see readme file.

E. Schrama: "Doppler Observables and System Biases" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
X. Papanikolaou: "Hands-on session on Doppler Observables and System Biases", notebook, live recording (mp4)
Learn Doppler observables principles, system biases, RINEX data exploration, and ionosphere considerations; perform localization exercises with Argos simulation
S. Nahmani: "Atmospheric Effects" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
X. Papanikolaou: "Hands-on session on Atmospheric Effects", notebook, live recording (mp4)
Understand atmospheric influence on DORIS signals and apply corrections to improve data accuracy
J.-M. Lemoine: "Observation Equation" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
X. Papanikolaou: "Hands-on session on Observation Equation", notebook, live recording (mp4)
Understand the mathematical formulation of DORIS observation equations, parameter estimation, and interpretation of residuals
Arnaud Pollet: "Positioning" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
X. Papanikolaou: "Hands-on session on Positioning", notebook, live recording (mp4)
Apply knowledge to compute positioning solutions, assess accuracy, and consolidate practical and theoretical skills

DORIS days 2021

Three sessions held online on November 16, 17 and 18, 2021.

Purpose: introductory course to give non-practitioners in DORIS the opportunity to broaden their knowledge on the DORIS technique as well as on the use of the IDS routine products.

Session 1 (Introduction to DORIS and the International DORIS Service)

E. Schrama: "Welcome and Introduction" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
L. Soudarin: "Introduction to DORIS for POD & Geodesy" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
J.-M. Lemoine: "DORIS System Technical Overview" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
CNES: "DORIS the space surveyor" (mp4)
C. Jayles: "Focus on some specific features of the DORIS system" (mp4, pre-recorded presentation) (text in pdf)
J. Saunier: "Overview of Ground Network" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
L. Soudarin: "Network virtual tour" (mkv video)
L. Soudarin: "Data flow description" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
L. Soudarin: "Summary of IDS online resources" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
P. Stepanek: "Organization of DORIS data analysis" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
L. Soudarin: "Web plottools demonstration" (mkv video)

Session 2 (Overview of Products Derived from DORIS)

P. Ferrage: "Introduction" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
F. Lemoine: "Overview of Products for DORIS" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
E. Schrama: "Overview of Software Processing for DORIS" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
F. Lemoine: "System (POD & Positioning & EOP) Performance" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
C. Manfredi: "Why use DORIS on satellite mission?" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
A. Couhert: "Application of DORIS for the geocenter" (mp4, pre-recorded presentation) (text in pdf)
K. Le Bail: "How to become involved in the DORIS community?" (pdf), live recording (mp4)

Session 3 (Description DORIS Station Installation and Operations Requirements)

J. Saunier: "Introduction" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
J. Saunier: "Site tour at La Réunion DORIS station" (mp4)
J. Saunier: "Network requirements" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
C. Jayles: "Optimizing DORIS station distribution" (mp4, pre-recorded presentation) (text in pdf)
J. Saunier: "Ground station components" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
C. Manfredi: "Fourth Generation Beacon Description" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
J. Saunier: "Antenna environment" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
P. Yaya: "Impact of local antenna environment on data quality" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
J. Saunier: "Geodetic requirements" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
D. Pesce: "Local tie surveys at DORIS site" (mp4, pre-recorded presentation)
T. Klügel: "Colocation and compatibility with VLBI" (mp4, pre-recorded presentation)
J. Saunier: "Maintenance requirements" (pdf), live recording (mp4)
"Tour round the network stations" (slide show) not available

Details: Last Updated: 21 November 2025

Categories: Discover DORIS | Leaflets | Videos | Newsletters

Discover DORIS

What is DORIS? (DORIS for beginners)
How does DORIS work? (AVISO+ website)
Network on Google Earth

Leaflets

2015 Leaflet DORIS, the space surveyor (pdf, 6.1 Mb) new version, edited by CNES and IGN at the occasion of the 25th anniversary of DORIS in 2015
2014 Leaflet Dor-O-T, the IDS web service (pdf, 3.3 Mb)
2012 Leaflet DORIS, a permanent evolving space technique for Earth sciences research (pdf, 2.4 Mb)
2010 Leaflet DORIS, the space surveyor (pdf, 6 Mb) edited by CNES and IGN at the occasion of the 20th anniversary of DORIS in 2010

Videos

on IDS channel

DORIS missions

DORIS constellation 2022 (Cryosat-2, Saral, Jason-3, Sentinel-3A, Sentinel-3B, HY-2C, Sentinel-6A, HY-2D)
DORIS constellation 2016 (Cryosat-2, HY-2A, Jason-2, Jason-3, Sentinel-3A, SARAL)
The satellites on their orbit with the satellite reference frame axes and the direction towards the Sun:
- Cryosat-2, Envisat, HY-2A, Saral, SPOT-5, Sentinel-3, HY-2C, Sentinel-6A
- Jason-2 with focus on one of the transition modes of the nominal attitude law.
  - Yaw flip This transition occurs when the angle between the Sun vector and the orbit plane is equal to 0.
  - Ramp up and Yaw steering This transition, from fixed to steered yaw regimes, is called ramp-up.

Outreach

2025 DORIS overview (in English, in Spanish) Overview of DORIS as a space geodetic technique, the products that are produced using DORIS data, and how the technique contributes to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF).
2010 DORIS, the space surveyor How does DORIS work, main applications in geodesy, geophysics, or ocean levels
2010 DORIS, autonomous navigation Precision of the DORIS system, real-time on-board orbit determination DIODE
2010 DORIS, network of stations View on the network of the 60 stations spread across the globe, control and maintenance

on GGOS chanel

Discover GGOS, the Global Geodetic Observing System
Terrestrial reference frame, the importance of geodetic terrestrial reference frames to science and society

Newsletters

IDS Newsletters (since April 2016)
1993 DORIS Newsletter issue #4 (pdf, 6.8 Mb)
1992 DORIS Newsletter issue #3 (pdf, 6.7 Mb)
1991 DORIS Newsletter issue #2 (pdf, 7.0 Mb)
1990 DORIS Newsletter issue #1 (pdf, 7.4 Mb)

Details: Last Updated: 06 June 2025

Launched in April 2016, the IDS Newsletter aims to provide regular information on the DORIS system and the life of IDS to a wide audience, from the host agencies to the other sister services..

The issues are distributed electronically. They can also be downloaded from the links given below.

Contributed articles, pictures, cartoons and feedbacks are welcome at any time. Please send contributions by mail to the This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.. The editors reserve the right to edit contributions.

The four issues of the DORIS Newsletter published between 1990 and 1993 are available in the section "Outreach material"

Subscription

If you want to subscribe to the newsletter, please send an e-mail to the This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., with "Subscribe Newsletter" in the subject.